tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33151604963624689052024-03-21T06:17:59.898-07:00Pyrus communis, Jatropha wiseacre.Pyrus communis, Jatropha wiseacrehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00922723076710745275noreply@blogger.comBlogger18125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3315160496362468905.post-53364142434220752024-02-17T00:36:00.000-08:002024-02-17T00:39:53.410-08:00<p> <span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: small;">Dear friends of ELSBETT-ANC SVO engine technology</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; margin: 0px;"><span lang="EN-US">I found in a podcast of Autoline (10th March 2022 - from minute 38) a pretty compact definition of E-fuels given by the former Volkswagen Manager Oliver Schmidt (became famous in the States when Volkswagen company - by my opinion - "let him hang during" the dieselgate).<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; margin: 0px;"><span lang="EN-US">His argument that we have to care even about the legacy cars to get them more carbon neutral makes a lot of sense (because we still have more than 1 300 000 000 pieces of them). And as long we don't have wide solutions for the real heavy machinery, we really have to work on it. But is the E-fuel the right way or just another project to spoil the large fuel industry with development $$. At the moment E-fuel is roughly five times more expensive than standard fuel. Depending from electricity sources there will be a way to drop this cost down for sure in the future. I remember such projects since almost 30 years, they called the sunfuel, synfuel, solarfuel... so mostly alibi projects.<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; margin: 0px;"><span lang="EN-US">So why not encourage farmers to produce their SVO and let them use it like they already did in very successful in Germany 20 years ago. This positive way was almost destroyed by German tax policy since 2005, when they changed mineral oil tax in to energy tax and included straight vegetable oil in to taxation this way.<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; margin: 0px;"><span lang="EN-US">Why to build big E-fuel refineries (or rebuild existing one) and new infrastructure for a dying engine technology, instead of using simple solutions. Why to waste expensive solar electricity, we need now for our electric powertrains, if the sun can make this CO2 transfer by oil crops much more efficient and can reduce even more CO2. Growing oil crops may recultivate old opencast mining or other unused lands.<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; margin: 0px;"><span lang="EN-US">I think it is at least something we may discuss and think about before we dump millions of $$ more in to E-fuels. I completely agree that for sensitive applications like airplanes a high standard E-fuel makes sense, but for the wide mass of heavy trucks, agriculture and construction machinery, marine applications, SVO and WVO might be the more economic and direct way to reduce their carbon footprint. Beside this it may include farmers in to the energy market, reduce their fuel cost and give them a solid income during the next years. Have more information on the news News chapter at our homepage.<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; margin: 0px;"><span lang="EN-US">Hilpoltstein / Germany, 14<sup>th</sup> February 2024<br />Kind regards<br /></span><span lang="EN-US">Alexander Noack<br />ANC<br />Marquardsholz F4<br />D-91161 Hilpoltstein<br />Internet and shop: <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.elsbett.com&source=gmail&ust=1708245250255000&usg=AOvVaw1kMXXODvLdgG5-xQr2X9sI" href="http://www.elsbett.com/" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">www.elsbett.com</a><br />e-mail: <a href="mailto:info@anc.me" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">info@anc.me</a><br />phone: +49 (0) 9174 9760988<br />fax: +49 (0) 32226846372<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="m_-5834859986345874149MsoPlainText" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm;"><br /></p>Pyrus communis, Jatropha wiseacrehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00922723076710745275noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3315160496362468905.post-34260926275637307362023-07-25T00:39:00.005-07:002023-07-25T00:48:42.790-07:00<p><b> High-protein edible crop variety developed that “thrives” on fallow land.</b></p><p>Article from Flora Southy in FoodNavigator Europe</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhV6jSfePrcJOrNFNisGoXe19BwGY_nEWj97AvcMHS4hFq2CXmg8B_SX3PV479qPHxpDOIx0P9k_uSHb2v-e4NFMDwFqFmCTgvRqH0s22Z7PtAPhPeJNRIWk4-sWq2IwF-sNgdDYYFB-KFk7NIt_g1IzrIjjIzzMUX3JintuUxAWanipZ8bkiYNr8b6Y9Fo/s4608/Hybrid_Paraguay_1%20(1).jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3072" data-original-width="4608" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhV6jSfePrcJOrNFNisGoXe19BwGY_nEWj97AvcMHS4hFq2CXmg8B_SX3PV479qPHxpDOIx0P9k_uSHb2v-e4NFMDwFqFmCTgvRqH0s22Z7PtAPhPeJNRIWk4-sWq2IwF-sNgdDYYFB-KFk7NIt_g1IzrIjjIzzMUX3JintuUxAWanipZ8bkiYNr8b6Y9Fo/w391-h260/Hybrid_Paraguay_1%20(1).jpg" width="391" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>In Switzerland, a seed variety has been developed that appears to do it all: the edible Jatropha seed </p><p>produces vegatable oil and protein, captures C02 from the atmosphere, and thrives on previously </p><p>unproductive fallow land.</p><p>The company Jatropower claims to be he first in the world to offer seeds for the high-protein, edible </p><p>variant, which CEO George Francis suggested could lead to exciting innovation in food and beverage.</p><p>Jatropower targets Jatropha and xuta ( the edible jatropha) cultivated on land with suboptimal soil </p><p>and climatic conditions, explained Dr. Francis</p><p>Reed more at </p><p><a href="https://www.foodnavigator.com/Article/2022/07/14/Jatropower-develops-high-protein-edible-crop-variety-that-thrives-on-fallow-land">https://www.foodnavigator.com/Article/2022/07/14/Jatropower-develops-high-protein-edible-crop-variety-that-thrives-on-fallow-land</a><br /></p>Pyrus communis, Jatropha wiseacrehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00922723076710745275noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3315160496362468905.post-87265817471495763962023-07-18T03:44:00.008-07:002023-07-18T06:16:13.467-07:00<p><b> <span style="font-family: Calibri;">2e chance for Jatropha??</span></b></p><div><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><br /></span></div><div><span><div><span style="font-family: inherit;">Abstract</span></div><div><span style="font-family: inherit;">RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications are essential in plants. Here, we show that transgenic expression of the human RNA demethylase FTO in rice caused a more than threefold increase in grain yield under greenhouse conditions. In field trials, transgenic expression of FTO in rice and potato caused ~50% increases in yield and biomass. We demonstrate that the presence of FTO stimulates root meristem cell proliferation and tiller bud formation and promotes photosynthetic efficiency and drought tolerance but has no effect on mature cell size, shoot meristem cell proliferation, root diameter, plant height or ploidy. FTO mediates substantial m6A demethylation (around 7% of demethylation in poly(A) RNA and around 35% decrease of m6A in non-ribosomal nuclear RNA) in plant RNA, inducing chromatin openness and transcriptional activation. Therefore, modulation of plant RNA m6A methylation is a promising strategy to dramatically improve plant growth and crop yield.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: inherit;">in</span></div><div><span style="font-family: inherit;">Nature Biotechnologie 39, 1581-1588 (2021)</span></div><div style="font-family: Calibri;"><br /></div></span></div>Pyrus communis, Jatropha wiseacrehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00922723076710745275noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3315160496362468905.post-26828366304701986102023-07-16T06:59:00.003-07:002023-07-18T05:04:36.983-07:00<p> </p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Another one
bites the dust.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">JatroSolutions
used to be a serious company in the world of Jatropha developments like
breeding and selection. They also further developed the edible Chuta jatropha which came already in production by Jatropower in 2010. For one
reason or another their major shareholder, the German 3e energy giant EnBW <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>decided to pull the plug. They stopped all
JatroSolutions activities except the experimental plantation in
Madagascar.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Breeding activities from JatroSolutions in Cameron are owned by country manager and breeder Euloge Dongmeza, who now works under the umbrella of the Swiss company Jatropower (George Francis) who formally
also acquired the breeding activities of D1/Quinvita.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">The Chuta
activities have been taken over by Sebastian Held, managing director of Chuta
Nut GmbH in Ulm, Germany.<o:p></o:p></span></p>Pyrus communis, Jatropha wiseacrehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00922723076710745275noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3315160496362468905.post-38050724606655635052023-07-16T06:39:00.002-07:002023-07-18T06:35:40.620-07:00<p> </p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Singapore's
JOil the world's first corporate to obtain Gold Standard sustainability
certification for its Jatropha plantation<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>• NGO-backed Gold Standard certification
obtained for Ghana plantation<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>• JOil's proprietary Jatropha varieties a
highly productive non-food crop for multiple sustainable industrial
applications including biofuel<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>• Second certification following ISCC certification
since 2019 SINGAPORE, March 7, 2022 /PRNewswire<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Singapore-based Jatropha JOil Singapore Pte
Limited (JOil) has become the first corporate to be awarded the worldclass
sustainability certification Gold Standard for its Jatropha plantation in Ghana.
Its Jatropha trees produce fruits that are a non-food, low carbon footprint
source material for a variety of eco-friendly industrial applications,
including biofuel. A best-in-class certification globally for climate and
development projects, the prestigious Gold Standard certification has been
awarded to JOil's Jatropha plantations in Bono East Province, Ghana, as
afforestation, reforestation and re-desertification (ARR) project, the first
corporate to achieve this, since the certification was established in 2003 by
WWF and other international NGOs as a best practice standard for sustainable
development. A joint venture between Temasek Holdings Limited, Tata
International and Skyland Holdings, JOil is a pioneer in developing a
sustainable Jatropha value chain. It uses a technology-led approach in planting
variety research and downstream application technologies for industrial uses
such as bio-resins, bio-plastics, bio-candles, to name a few. As part of
upstream development, JOil will directly plant about 6,000 hectares (ha) of
Jatropha and establish about 14,000 ha of Jatropha Plantation through an
estimated 14,000 small holder outgrowers. This is expected to create
agricultural employment opportunities for an estimated 1,500 people, especially
women. JOil plans to certify all the plantations under Gold Standard or other
appropriate carbon certification standards.<span></span></span></p><a name='more'></a><p></p><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Mr Sunny Verghese, Chairman of the
Board of JOil, said, "As a sustainable, low carbon emissions non-food
crop, Jatropha represents a more climate positive, nature positive and
livelihood positive alternative raw material for a variety of non-food
applications. Every part of the Jatropha fruit can be used productively, for
example, Jatropha bio-resin can replace urea formaldehyde used in the wood industry
which is environmentally more harmful; the meal from the fruit can be used as
an organic fertiliser; fruit shells can have application in bio-plastic; and
crude Jatropha Oil from the nut can be a source for various applications
including biofuel." "JOil's Jatropha plantations contribute to
meeting UN SDGs 8, 13 and 15. Being verified by internationally renowned
institutions such as Gold Standard puts JOil at the forefront of sustainability
innovators. This certification will enable JOil to generate high quality carbon
credits and help us put back more than what we have taken out from the
planet." Mr Vasanth Subramanian, Chief Executive Officer of JOil, said,
"Gold Standard certification is a major milestone for JOil as a Singapore
company. It recognises our position as a leader in pioneering a sustainable
Jatropha supply chain product and contributing to the rapidly growing global
bio economy." "This certification allows us to maximise positive
impact and continue to add value for people and the planet while we generate
returns for our shareholders. Moving forward, we will also work to obtain ISCC
and appropriate carbon certifications for all future developments." Gold
Standard is ISEAL Code Compliant and is independently evaluated against ISEAL's
Codes of Good Practice – a globally-recognised framework for effective,
credible sustainability systems. Gold Standard-certified projects undergo a
stringent assessment and must have the following: • A minimum of three
Sustainable Development Goals • Local stakeholder consultation and
gender-sensitive guidelines • Environmental and social safeguards • Limited
risks and negative impacts • Civil society endorsement from Gold Standard's
broad NGO Supporter network About JOil JOil is a Singapore-based joint venture
company by Temasek Holdings Limited., Singapore, Tata Chemicals Ltd., India
and, Wuthelam Holdings Pte. Ltd., Singapore. JOil is a pioneer in Jatropha.
JOil aims to create a sustainable Jatropha value chain by leveraging R&D
capabilities through elite planting materials to establish sustainable and
carbon positive Jatropha plantations as a non-food source of feedstock for
industrial applications of high value through proprietary technologies, thereby
maximizing economic returns to its shareholders while conducting business in an
ethical manner & positively impacting environment and communities CONTACT:
Dr. Kins Varghese, kins@joil.co.in;<o:p></o:p></span><p></p>Pyrus communis, Jatropha wiseacrehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00922723076710745275noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3315160496362468905.post-27060336614414552532023-07-16T03:54:00.010-07:002023-07-18T06:36:18.208-07:00<p>Mongabay Series: Bioenergy, Covering the Commons, Planetary Boundaries</p><p><b>Jatropha: The biofuel that bombed seeks a path to redemption</b></p><p>by Sean Mowbray on 6 April 2023</p><p>•<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Earlier this century, jatropha was hailed as a “miracle” biofuel. An unassuming shrubby tree native to Central America, it was wildly promoted as a high-yielding, drought-tolerant biofuel feedstock that could grow on degraded lands across Latin America, Africa and Asia.</p><p>•<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>A jatropha rush ensued, with more than 900,000 hectares (2.2 million acres) planted by 2008. But the bubble burst. Low yields led to plantation failures nearly everywhere. The aftermath of the jatropha crash was tainted by accusations of land grabbing, mismanagement, and overblown carbon reduction claims.</p><p>•<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Today, some researchers continue pursuing the evasive promise of high-yielding jatropha. A comeback, they say, is dependent on cracking the yield problem and addressing the harmful land-use issues intertwined with its original failure.</p><p>•<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The sole remaining large jatropha plantation is in Ghana. The plantation owner claims high-yield domesticated varieties have been achieved and a new boom is at hand. But even if this comeback falters, the world’s experience of jatropha holds important lessons for any promising up-and-coming biofuel.</p><p>At the beginning of the 21st century, Jatropha curcas, an unassuming shrub-like tree native to Central America, was planted across the world. The rush to jatropha was driven by its promise as a sustainable source of biofuel that could be grown on degraded, unfertile lands so as not to displace food crops. But inflated claims of high yields fell flat.</p><p>Now, after years of research and development, the sole remaining large plantation focused on growing jatropha is in Ghana. And Singapore-based jOil, which owns that plantation, claims the jatropha comeback is on.<span></span></p><a name='more'></a><p></p><p>“All those companies that failed, adopted a plug-and-play model of scouting for the wild varieties of jatropha. But to commercialize it, you need to domesticate it. This is a part of the process that was missed [during the boom],” jOil CEO Vasanth Subramanian told Mongabay in an interview.</p><p>Having learned from the mistakes of jatropha’s past failures, he says the oily plant could yet play a key role as a liquid biofuel feedstock, reducing transportation carbon emissions at the global level. A new boom could bring additional benefits, with jatropha also a potential source of fertilizers and even bioplastics.</p><p>But some researchers are skeptical, noting that jatropha has already gone through one hype-and-fizzle cycle. They caution that if the plant is to reach full potential, then it is essential to learn from past mistakes. During the first boom, jatropha plantations were hampered not only by poor yields, but by land grabbing, deforestation, and social problems in countries where it was planted, including Ghana, where jOil operates.</p><p>Experts also suggest that jatropha’s tale offers lessons for scientists and entrepreneurs exploring promising new sources for liquid biofuels — which exist aplenty.</p><p> Despite jatropha’s failures, a steady flow of scientific research papers continues to expound its potential. A paper published last year in Frontiers in Energy Research, for example, describes J. curcas as a “low-cost biodiesel feedstock with good fuel properties and more oil than other species.” </p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiH8O38NdNwYpGdDb6AVhJdRv0NYOI7Wmr2KfujWQ9JMXNYm4CCMPnA72XGq7-cwTSVrXjLjQJlCnVzHRodBh5tQth-Zwqx8Bpi8j4Qktwj9weEszInmLv5GtgjhP0N9szkUPYs9WdTz5JnUq-kre32F6w1MbB03dqWc8yhsDHfFNLwuV57f4ZU3ZU3scSB" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="3072" data-original-width="4608" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiH8O38NdNwYpGdDb6AVhJdRv0NYOI7Wmr2KfujWQ9JMXNYm4CCMPnA72XGq7-cwTSVrXjLjQJlCnVzHRodBh5tQth-Zwqx8Bpi8j4Qktwj9weEszInmLv5GtgjhP0N9szkUPYs9WdTz5JnUq-kre32F6w1MbB03dqWc8yhsDHfFNLwuV57f4ZU3ZU3scSB" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p style="text-align: center;"><b>Miracle shrub, major bust</b></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span></span></p><!--more--><b><br /></b><p></p><p>Jatropha’s early 21st-century appeal stemmed from its promise as a “second-generation” biofuel, which are sourced from grasses, trees and other plants not derived from edible crops such as maize, soy or oil palm. Among its multiple purported virtues was an ability to thrive on degraded or “marginal” lands; thus, it was claimed it would never compete with food crops, so the theory went.</p><p>Back then, jatropha ticked all the boxes, says Alexandros Gasparatos, now at the University of Tokyo’s Institute for Future Initiatives. “We had a crop that seemed miraculous; that can grow without too much fertilizer, too many pesticides, or too much demand for water, that can be exported [as fuel] abroad, and does not compete with food because it is poisonous.”</p><p>Governments, international agencies, investors and companies bought into the hype, launching initiatives to plant, or promise to plant, millions of hectares of jatropha. By 2008, plantations covered some 900,000 hectares (2.2 million acres) in Latin America, Africa and Asia, according to a market study prepared for WWF.</p><p>It didn’t take long for the mirage of the miraculous biofuel tree to fade.</p><p>In 2009, a Friends of the Earth report from Eswatini (still known at the time as Swaziland) warned that jatropha’s high demands for land would indeed bring it into direct conflict with food crops. By 2011, a global review noted that “cultivation outpaced both scientific understanding of the crop’s potential as well as an understanding of how the crop fits into existing rural economies and the degree to which it can thrive on marginal lands.”</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiFnKFYB3JrGDQ9XGqUMsGFseqAykTcQc7LIELVLnFLYROAn5QO692RGVR99eIUZa0mJ7-3WetHSZh39szzptFDLSN-_ySsDZe2E14fY7ZGtzPlWOuuVIn0NmEgp8vaMIvtqnKNHamjHc4t-7ctabkVUQP7ffJYFRfYG5XgbaK2IHG_6UPphfioS_UCOnvT" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="2304" data-original-width="3072" height="314" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiFnKFYB3JrGDQ9XGqUMsGFseqAykTcQc7LIELVLnFLYROAn5QO692RGVR99eIUZa0mJ7-3WetHSZh39szzptFDLSN-_ySsDZe2E14fY7ZGtzPlWOuuVIn0NmEgp8vaMIvtqnKNHamjHc4t-7ctabkVUQP7ffJYFRfYG5XgbaK2IHG_6UPphfioS_UCOnvT=w419-h314" width="419" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;">picture Ab van Peer</div><p></p><p>Jatropha’s past boom-and-bust cycle offers a cautionary tale for any other promising second-generation biofuel crop, say researchers such as Bart Muys. Image by Jeff Walker/CIFOR via Flickr (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0). During the boom, hundreds of thousands of hectares of jatropha were planted. But large-scale cultivation projects destined to produce biofuel from the tree failed. Today, researchers say that a variety of alternative benefits could be gained from cultivating and processing the crop at smaller scales.</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj-pqTY0ILEneF_mIxwCju2fg-rtz2PD3RS0Yi6o_we9SsFmhSMrkdlRBseV3xTDXMJlUWe8NvGOvfrbGmmP1H5SP5WISk1Qc3ahbYhxBRUKsOfv4hUHAdXOy-ctvsLdabMMrGaoCUx1R73NwHMU2G2XvK1ASgLleKx9nwTAMpXg4bjroD8As2kPPvkjgGK" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="308" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj-pqTY0ILEneF_mIxwCju2fg-rtz2PD3RS0Yi6o_we9SsFmhSMrkdlRBseV3xTDXMJlUWe8NvGOvfrbGmmP1H5SP5WISk1Qc3ahbYhxBRUKsOfv4hUHAdXOy-ctvsLdabMMrGaoCUx1R73NwHMU2G2XvK1ASgLleKx9nwTAMpXg4bjroD8As2kPPvkjgGK=w411-h308" width="411" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;">Picture Ab van Peer</div><p></p><p>Projections estimated 4.7 million hectares (11.7 million acres) would be planted by 2010, and 12.8 million hectares (31.6 million acres) by 2015. However, only 1.19 million hectares (2.94 million acres) were growing by 2011. Projects and plantations began to fail as expected yields refused to materialize. Jatropha could grow on degraded lands and tolerate drought conditions, as claimed, but yields stayed poor.</p><p>“In my opinion, this combination of speculative investment, export-oriented potential, and potential to grow under relatively poorer conditions, created a very big problem,” resulting in “underestimated yields that were going to be produced,” Gasparatos says.</p><p>As jatropha plantations went from boom to bust, they were also plagued by environmental, social and economic troubles, say experts. Accusations of land grabs, the conversion of food crop lands, and clearing of natural areas were reported.</p><p>Studies found that land-use change for jatropha in countries such as Brazil, Mexico and Tanzania led to a loss of biodiversity. A study from Mexico found the “carbon payback” of jatropha plantations due to associated forest loss ranged between two and 14 years, and “in some scenarios, the carbon debt may never be recovered.” In India, production showed carbon benefits, but the use of fertilizers resulted in increases of soil and water “acidification, ecotoxicity, eutrophication.”</p><p>“If you look at most of the plantations in Ghana, they claim that the jatropha produced was situated on marginal land, but the idea of marginal land is very elusive,” explains Abubakari Ahmed, a lecturer at the University for Development Studies, Ghana. He studied the implications of jatropha plantations in the country over several years, and found that a lax definition of “marginal” meant that assumptions that the land co-opted for jatropha plantations had been lying untouched and unused was often illusory.</p><p>“Marginal to whom?” he asks. “The fact that … currently nobody is using [land] for farming doesn’t mean that nobody is using it [for other purposes]. There are a lot of nature-based livelihoods on those landscapes that you may not necessarily see from satellite imagery.”</p><p> A paper published last year in the Journal of Cleaner Production assessed the global availability of “marginal land” suitable for jatropha’s production, arriving at a total of 15.9 million square kilometers (6.13 million square miles), nearly half of which is in Africa. But researchers warn that the word “marginal” is open to wide interpretation, with so-called marginal lands often used by traditional communities for agroforestry, hunting, gathering and other purposes.</p><p>Learning from jatropha</p><p>There are key lessons to be learned from the experience with jatropha, say analysts, which should be heeded when considering other auspicious second-generation biofuels.</p><p>“There was a boom [in investment], but unfortunately not of research, and action was taken based on alleged advantages of jatropha,” says Bart Muys, a professor in the Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape at the University of Leuven, Belgium. In 2014, as the jatropha hype was winding down, Muys and colleagues published a paper citing key lessons.</p><p>Fundamentally, he explains, there was a lack of knowledge about the plant itself and its needs. This vital requirement for upfront research could be applied to other potential biofuel crops, he says. Last year, for example, his team released a paper analyzing the yields of pongamia (Millettia pinnata), a “fast-growing, leguminous and multipurpose tree species” with biofuel promise.</p><p>Like jatropha, pongamia can be grown on degraded and marginal land. But Muys’s research showed yields to be highly variable, contrary to other reports. The team concluded that “pongamia still cannot be considered a significant and stable source of biofuel feedstock due to persisting knowledge gaps.” Use of such cautionary data could prevent wasteful financial speculation and careless land conversion for new biofuels.</p><p>“There are other very promising trees or plants that could serve as a fuel or a biomass producer,” Muys says. “We wanted to avoid [them going] in the same direction of premature hype and fail, like jatropha.”</p><p>Gasparatos underlines crucial requirements that must be met before moving ahead with new biofuel plantations: high yields must be unlocked, inputs to reach those yields understood, and a ready market must be available.</p><p>“Basically, the crop needs to be domesticated, or [scientific understanding] at a level that we know how it is grown,” Gasparatos says. Jatropha “was practically undomesticated when it was promoted, which was so weird.”</p><p>How biofuel lands are acquired is also key, says Ahmed. Based on experiences in Ghana where communally used lands were purchased for production, authorities must ensure that “guidelines are put in place to check how large-scale land acquisitions will be done and documented in order to reduce some of the problems we observed.”</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjqaWAguhAxhuYiIui4DwkEbiTAaaqNREpGi8MfATmn0IY2A-BfbdJhQBToVMnFOfUFjCxQvgkF4MI_hbHwiXBcHz9SbhNBIGEEQ24IaoEnyWPbuBL_m5AV2bJ7RDzBq82njroVmfR2ELJ_4DsdWI3Xyh0Ocubb6UF_cd65EptcnSPRWSPYa2858pqfZquA" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="600" height="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjqaWAguhAxhuYiIui4DwkEbiTAaaqNREpGi8MfATmn0IY2A-BfbdJhQBToVMnFOfUFjCxQvgkF4MI_hbHwiXBcHz9SbhNBIGEEQ24IaoEnyWPbuBL_m5AV2bJ7RDzBq82njroVmfR2ELJ_4DsdWI3Xyh0Ocubb6UF_cd65EptcnSPRWSPYa2858pqfZquA=w376-h250" width="376" /></a></div><br />In Ghana, the vague definition of “marginal lands” led to the loss of local communities’ access to ecosystem services on land turned over to jatropha plantations, says scientist Abubakari Ahmed. In some cases, land-use change, including the clear-cutting of savanna woodlands, sent jatropha plantation carbon budgets into the negative, according to research. Image by Axel Fassio/CIFOR via Flickr (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0).<p></p><p><b>A jatropha comeback?</b></p><p>Despite all these challenges, some researchers still believe that under the right conditions, jatropha could be a valuable biofuel solution — particularly for the difficult-to-decarbonize transportation sector “responsible for approximately one quarter of greenhouse gas emissions.”</p><p>“I think jatropha has some potential, but it needs to be the right material, grown in the right place, and so on,” Muys said.</p><p>Mohammad Alherbawi, a postdoctoral research fellow at Qatar’s Hamad Bin Khalifa University, continues holding out hope for jatropha. He sees it as a way that Qatar might reduce airline carbon emissions. According to his estimates, its use as a jet fuel could result in about a 40% reduction of “cradle to grave” emissions.</p><p>Alherbawi’s team is conducting ongoing field studies to boost jatropha yields by fertilizing crops with sewage sludge. As an added benefit, he envisages a jatropha green belt spanning 20,000 hectares (nearly 50,000 acres) in Qatar. “The implementation of the green belt can really enhance the soil and agricultural lands, and protect them against any further deterioration caused by dust storms,” he says.</p><p>But the Qatar project’s success still hinges on many factors, not least the ability to obtain quality yields from the tree. Another crucial step, Alherbawi explains, is scaling up production technology that uses the entirety of the jatropha fruit to increase processing efficiency.</p><p>Back in Ghana, jOil is currently managing more than 1,300 hectares (1,830 acres) of jatropha, and growing a pilot plot on 300 hectares (740 acres) working with more than 400 farmers. Subramanian explains that years of research and development have resulted in varieties of jatropha that can now achieve the high yields that were lacking more than a decade ago.</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjT-SUJ7C0ZowFHexF1ixNJ5ha4kXvBdyPT3X4HJMd027ZU2yYjJiC7psvSzYoPQoKqHDng4vv64dUyR_sJW-pGJIgiPZvAFXbT_SdmpH9UYocK8_dSqjs5lB4I20YPDe2w3A2PthBmuJYFLC_Kmz_EcIJjiMf0Q8ErbLG2AlExw6SaHik2zhRbP2wTXTnk" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="630" data-original-width="945" height="262" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjT-SUJ7C0ZowFHexF1ixNJ5ha4kXvBdyPT3X4HJMd027ZU2yYjJiC7psvSzYoPQoKqHDng4vv64dUyR_sJW-pGJIgiPZvAFXbT_SdmpH9UYocK8_dSqjs5lB4I20YPDe2w3A2PthBmuJYFLC_Kmz_EcIJjiMf0Q8ErbLG2AlExw6SaHik2zhRbP2wTXTnk=w393-h262" width="393" /></a></div><br /> Singapore-based jOil claims that domestication of jatropha has enabled its researchers to harness the biofuel potential of the plant. Currently jOil, the only major survivor of the first jatropha boom and bust, is operating 1,300 hectares of plantation and a 300-hectare pilot project involving more than 400 farmers, all in Ghana. Image courtesy of jOil.<p></p><p>“We were able to hasten the yield cycle, improve the yield variety and enhance the fruit-bearing capacity of the tree,” Subramanian says. In essence, he states, the tree is now domesticated. “Our first project is to expand our jatropha plantation to 20,000 hectares.”</p><p>Biofuels aren’t the only application JOil is looking at. The fruit and its byproducts could be a source of fertilizer, bio-candle wax, a charcoal substitute (important in Africa where much wood is still burned for cooking), and even bioplastics.</p><p>But it is the transport sector that still beckons as the ideal biofuels application, according to Subramanian. “The biofuels story has once again reopened with the energy transition drive for oil companies and bio-refiners — [driven by] the search for alternative fuels that would be emission friendly.”</p><p>A complete jatropha life-cycle assessment has yet to be completed, but he believes that cradle-to-grave greenhouse gas emissions related to the oily plant will be “competitive … These two aspects — that it is technically suitable, and the carbon sequestration — makes it a very strong candidate for adoption for … sustainable aviation,” he says. “We believe any such expansion will take place, [by clarifying] the definition of degraded land, [allowing] no competition with food crops, nor in any way endangering food security of any country.”</p><p> JOil’s CEO Vasanth Subramanian says that jatropha has the potential to be carbon neutral. But a full life-cycle carbon analysis has yet to be conducted at the jOil Ghana site. Other researchers report that land-use change incurred in jatropha production can negate carbon benefits, as occurred with past jatropha projects. Image courtesy of jOil. Researchers in Qatar are currently experimenting with jatropha to produce biofuels for the aviation sector. They also envisage a jatropha “green belt” that, they say, could provide additional benefits such as protection of croplands from sand storms. A timeline on this project remains unclear. Image courtesy of Mohammad Alherbawi.</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgWtYkPrZ4hhhAyzLn1RFfzM6NKbP85fWFjar2aXLRTbOZ3YK7AX9SiS5lWbSlNKlrfDMfstcULCCAadiEGzR3ORWxHrw3fyX-6aBiJJxsS95syKiFSbRl5sS_06vqf-sASYcLrF9O8t9D4zwzbLgHP7ztfdX7XQluSSX_YJ6bUnJamZy5zZI9dAIfczqF-" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="551" data-original-width="945" height="247" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgWtYkPrZ4hhhAyzLn1RFfzM6NKbP85fWFjar2aXLRTbOZ3YK7AX9SiS5lWbSlNKlrfDMfstcULCCAadiEGzR3ORWxHrw3fyX-6aBiJJxsS95syKiFSbRl5sS_06vqf-sASYcLrF9O8t9D4zwzbLgHP7ztfdX7XQluSSX_YJ6bUnJamZy5zZI9dAIfczqF-=w423-h247" width="423" /></a></div><br /><br /><p></p><p><br /></p><p>Where next for jatropha?</p><p>Whether jatropha can truly be carbon neutral, eco-friendly and socially responsible depends on complex factors, including where and how it’s grown — whether, for example, its production model is based in smallholder farms versus industrial-scale plantations, say experts. Then there’s the nagging problem of achieving high yields.</p><p>Earlier this year, the Bolivian government announced its intention to pursue jatropha plantations in the Gran Chaco biome, part of a national biofuels push that has stirred debate over potential consequences. The Gran Chaco’s dry forest biome is already in deep trouble, having been heavily deforested by aggressive agribusiness practices.</p><p>Many past plantations in Ghana, warns Ahmed, converted dry savanna woodland, which became problematic for carbon accounting. “The net carbon was often negative in most of the jatropha sites, because the carbon sequestration of jatropha cannot be compared to that of a shea tree,” he explains.</p><p>Other researchers chronicle the “potential of Jatropha curcas as an environmentally benign biodiesel feedstock” in Malaysia, Indonesia and India. But still other researchers remain doubtful of the ecological viability of second-generation biofuels. “If Mexico promotes biofuels, such as the exploitation of jatropha, the rebound is that it possibly becomes so successful, that we will have a lot of associated land-use change,” says Daniel Itzamna Avila-Ortega, co-founder of the Mexican Center of Industrial Ecology and a Ph.D. student with the Stockholm Resilience Centre; he has conducted research on the possibilities of jatropha contributing to a circular economy in Mexico.</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgpiAej6iFwv8alqjn97eap9pM_mcucnO957HDLZuXmJ77C0hwWAcqWf0ISSNNAAsvPWofSEyyFzgta-nZOP5VzIozuMdavbtvSX1S6jC4YvKlRfVixAFq3sA0l3tpJv6fo8-ln9DP-MkqhmoZsyDTQ2tt7NkY4dyzhworne9lAz6OyJKTosuC3BoF1gtLC" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="599" data-original-width="945" height="243" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgpiAej6iFwv8alqjn97eap9pM_mcucnO957HDLZuXmJ77C0hwWAcqWf0ISSNNAAsvPWofSEyyFzgta-nZOP5VzIozuMdavbtvSX1S6jC4YvKlRfVixAFq3sA0l3tpJv6fo8-ln9DP-MkqhmoZsyDTQ2tt7NkY4dyzhworne9lAz6OyJKTosuC3BoF1gtLC=w383-h243" width="383" /></a></div>Ab van Peer, see https://pure.rug.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/13420507/20140620_Fwn_Hidayat.pdf<br /><br /><p></p><p> An added benefit of jatropha is its multiple uses, including the creation of bioresin panels for use in construction, as seen here. JOil CEO Vasanth Subramanian believes with domestication successfully achieved, the plant can play a major role in a bioeconomy as a potential source of biofertilizers, bioplastics, and more. Image courtesy of jOil.</p><p>Avila-Ortega cites past land-use problems associated with expansion of various crops, including oil palm, sugarcane and avocado: “Our law enforcement is so weak that it cannot cope with the private sector doing whatever they want, in terms of creating environmental problems.”</p><p>Researchers in Mexico are currently exploring jatropha-based livestock feed as a low-cost and sustainable replacement for grain. Such uses might be well suited to local contexts, Avila-Ortega agrees, though he remains concerned about potential environmental costs.</p><p>He suggests limiting jatropha expansion in Mexico to make it a “crop that conquers land,” growing it only in truly poor soils in need of restoration. “Jatropha could be one of those plants that can grow in very sterile wastelands,” he explains. “That’s the only way I would ever promote it in Mexico — as part of a forest recovery strategy for wastelands. Otherwise, the associated problems are higher than the potential benefits.”</p><p>Jatropha’s global future remains uncertain. And its potential as a tool in the fight against climate change can only be unlocked, say many experts, by avoiding the litany of difficulties associated with its first boom.</p><p>Will jatropha projects that sputtered to a halt in the early 2000s be fired back up again? Subramanian believes its role as a sustainable biofuel is “imminent” and that the comeback is on. “We have strong interest from the energy industry now,” he says, “to collaborate with us to develop and expand the supply chain of jatropha.”</p><p>Banner image: Jatropha curcas trees in Hawai‘i. Image by Forest and Kim Starr via Flickr (CC BY 2.0).</p><p>Citations:</p><p>Wahl, N., Hildebrandt, T., Moser, C., Lüdeke-Freund, F., Averdunk, K., Bailis, R., … Zelt, T. (2012). Insights into jatropha projects worldwide — Key facts & figures from a global survey. Centre for Sustainability Management (CSM), Leuphana Universität Lüneburg. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2254823</p><p>Romijn, H., Heijnen, S., Colthoff, J. R., De Jong, B., & Van Eijck, J. (2014). Economic and social sustainability performance of jatropha projects: Results from field surveys in Mozambique, Tanzania and Mali. Sustainability, 6(9), 6203-6235. doi:10.3390/su6096203</p><p>Trebbin, A. (2021). Land grabbing and jatropha in India: An analysis of ‘hyped’ discourse on the subject. Land, 10(10), 1063. doi:10.3390/land10101063</p><p>Van Eijck, J., Romijn, H., Balkema, A., & Faaij, A. (2014). Global experience with jatropha cultivation for bioenergy: An assessment of socio-economic and environmental aspects. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 32, 869-889. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2014.01.028</p><p>Skutsch, M., De los Rios, E., Solis, S., Riegelhaupt, E., Hinojosa, D., Gerfert, S., … Masera, O. (2011). Jatropha in Mexico: environmental and social impacts of an incipient biofuel program. Ecology and Society, 16(4). doi:10.5751/ES-04448-160411</p><p>Gmünder, S., Singh, R., Pfister, S., Adheloya, A., & Zah, R. (2012). Environmental impacts of Jatropha curcas biodiesel in India. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 2012. doi:10.1155/2012/623070</p><p>Ahmed, A., Jarzebski, M. P., & Gasparatos, A. (2018). Using the ecosystem service approach to determine whether jatropha projects were located in marginal lands in Ghana: Implications for site selection. Biomass and Bioenergy, 114, 112-124. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2017.07.020</p><p>Achten, W. M., Sharma, N., Muys, B., Mathijs, E., & Vantomme, P. (2014). Opportunities and constraints of promoting new tree crops — Lessons learned from jatropha. Sustainability, 6(6), 3213-3231. doi:10.3390/su6063213</p><p>Alherbawi, M., McKay, G., Govindan, R., Haji, M., & Al-Ansari, T. (2022). A novel approach on the delineation of a multipurpose energy-greenbelt to produce biofuel and combat desertification in arid regions. Journal of Environmental Management, 323, 116223. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116223</p><p>Riayatsyah, T. M. I., Sebayang, A. H., Silitonga, A. S., Padli, Y., Fattah, I. M. R., Kusumo, F., … Mahlia, T. M. I. (2022). Current progress of Jatropha curcas commoditisation as biodiesel feedstock: A comprehensive review. Frontiers in Energy Research, 9, 1019. doi:10.3389/fenrg.2021.815416</p><p>Mokhtar, E. S., Akhir, N. M., Zaki, N. A. M., Muharam, F. M., Pradhan, B., & Lay, U. S. (2021). Land suitability for potential jatropha plantation in Malaysia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 620(1), 012002. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/620/1/012002</p><p>Chamola, R., Kumar, N., & Jain, S. (2022). Jatropha: A sustainable source of transportation fuel in India. In Advancement in Materials, Manufacturing and Energy Engineering, Vol. II: Select Proceedings of ICAMME 2021 (pp. 395-408). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. doi:10.1007/978-981-16-8341-1_32</p><p>Peralta, H., Avila-Ortega, D. I., & García-Flores, J. C. (2022). Jatropha farm: A circular economy proposal for the non-toxic physic nut crop in Mexico. Environmental Sciences Proceedings, 15(1), 10. doi:10.3390/environsciproc2022015010</p><p>Hao, M., Qian, Y., Xie, X., Chen, S., Ding, F., & Ma, T. (2022). Global marginal land availability of Jatropha curcas L.-based biodiesel development. Journal of Cleaner Production, 364, 132655. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132655</p><p>Article published by Glenn Scherer</p><p>Agriculture, Alternative Energy, Biodiesel, Bioenergy, Biofuels, Carbon Conservation, Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Emissions, Carbon Sequestration, Climate Change, Climate Change Negotiations, Climate Change Policy, Conservation, Deforestation, Degraded Lands, Drivers Of Deforestation, Emission Reduction, Energy, Energy Efficiency, Environment, Environmental Policy, Fuel Efficiency, Governance, Land Use Change, Plantations, Pollution, Research, Transportation</p><p><br /></p>Pyrus communis, Jatropha wiseacrehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00922723076710745275noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3315160496362468905.post-26388206202512687722023-04-20T00:23:00.007-07:002023-07-19T04:51:57.325-07:00<p> Jatropha oil again?</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">After being
silent for a while, I got triggered by the rising interest for Jatropha oil.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">Not as a biofuel;
most of these ambitious projects failed, as I uncovered before.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">There is a
more realistic approach to develop a business case for the use of Jatropha products on a
local scale.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">This means
not only biofuels (as going to be used in safari diesel cars in e.g. Tanzania)
but also Jatropha soap being produced in Zimbabwe and exported to e.g. Germany.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">This means
not only producing seedcake briquettes in stead of charcoal for fuel but also
seedcake as a fertilizer (<a href="https://jatropha.pro/seedcake-as-fertilizer/">https://jatropha.pro/seedcake-as-fertilizer/</a>)
and actually again for soap production and eventually for cardboard production.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">The Jatropha
market is merely hampered by several problems.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB">1.<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB">The ambitious business plans of big companies
were utterly unrealistic.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB">2.<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB">There was a story buzzing around
Jatropha that because the oil is poisonous, you could not use the seedcake in agriculture
and you could not use oil or seedcake in health products like soap.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB">3.<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB">The university of Katesart in
Thailand proved already a long time ago that seedcake is a safe organic fertilizer
and even better than chicken manure. See link for the complete study</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://docs.google.com/uc?id%3D0By3dl79GeixyY0I3SFVhMXk1WGc&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1689758274778082&usg=AOvVaw3Pr7jnrTkg_tEAiBl3T1kU">https://www.google.com/url?q=https://docs.google.com/uc?id%3D0By3dl79GeixyY0I3SFVhMXk1WGc&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1689758274778082&usg=AOvVaw3Pr7jnrTkg_tEAiBl3T1kU</a><br /></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="text-indent: -18pt;">There is a lot of anecdotical information that Jatropha soap works
as an antibacterial treatment and a proper prevention for eczema .</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB">5.<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">So far I did not run into scientific studies
affirming the above mentioned claims, but still the soap is sold in the UK end Germany.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">LET US TRY
TO REVIVE THE PRODUCTION OF JATROPHA PRODUCTS FOR THE SAKE OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES
IN AFRICA AND ASIA.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Find more scientific data on <a href="https://sites.google.com/view/jatropha-pro/homepage">https://sites.google.com/view/jatropha-pro/homepage</a></span>Pyrus communis, Jatropha wiseacrehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00922723076710745275noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3315160496362468905.post-87543525592186440512017-01-30T03:26:00.001-08:002023-07-18T06:48:29.980-07:00Jatropha diesel in Mozambique<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB">At least
one company in the world is proud enough to announce that their jatropha production is successful.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">Niqel (Jatropha production and oil manufacturing) in Mozaqmbique operates the first industrial,
fully mechanised, Jatropha oil mill in the world. The brand new factory is
located on a 3 hectare plot in the center of the Niqel Jatropha estate. The
incoming Jatropha fruits are turned into Jatropha bio-oil, green energy, Jatropha
protein meal, organic pellets and organic fertilizer. The technology for the
oil winning process was developed in the Netherlands. The Jatropha bio-oil
presents a very promising alternative to diesel oil since it is renewable and
has similar properties to the diesel. It can be used in conventional diesel
engines without any engine modification, using a blend of 25% Jatropha bio-oil
and 75% diesel.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://biodieselamsterdam.nl/part-of-simadan/?lang=en" target="_blank">Link to Biodiesel Amsterdam </a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Comments.</div><div class="MsoNormal">Jatropha lifecycle is unpredictable. latest information (2023) is that Niqel switched to the production of Eucalyptus</div>
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Pyrus communis, Jatropha wiseacrehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00922723076710745275noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3315160496362468905.post-67450114610755452882016-10-18T23:56:00.002-07:002023-07-18T06:31:01.407-07:00Who will be next.?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
In a recent overview in Elsevier with the promising title "International experiences with the cultivation of Jatropha curcas for
biodiesel production" https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0360544216308477 , the writer sums up a total of 22 jatropha disasters. Conclusion of the articele: After examining the global scenarios for the cultivation of
J. curcas to produce biodiesel, the review concludes that the plant
shows a large potential as an energy source to alleviate in part local
environmental (e. g. recovering of waste land), social (e. g.
employment demand) and economic (e. g. reduce poverty) problems.<br />
<br />
uuuhhh???<br /><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0360544216308477">follow the link.</a></div>
Pyrus communis, Jatropha wiseacrehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00922723076710745275noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3315160496362468905.post-20287011774894913382014-07-29T04:00:00.001-07:002023-07-18T06:50:07.703-07:00About sustainability<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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And another one.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
For more than seven years Diligent Energy systems was active
in <st1:country-region w:st="on">Tanzania</st1:country-region>.
Diligent bought jatropha oil seeds from local farmers for a fair price and
processed these seeds into biofuel. The oil was sold locally to flower farms safari companies and internationally for trials executed, among others, by KLM. The residue seed
cake was used as an alternative for charcoal to, among others, safari companies
who normally use firewood for their camps. Since the company was not able to
become profitable, it was taken over by the DOEN foundation, a Dutch foundation
operating with money from various lotteries. (30.000.000 Euro in 2013.)</div>
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<st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><i>Mission</i></st1:place></st1:city><i> of the DOEN Foundation:<o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>As driver of people
and organizations that take the lead in the field of sustainable, social and
cultural renewal DOEN Foundation strives towards a green, social and cultural
society. DOEN supports these forerunners and brings them into contact with each
other. DOEN Foundation annually supports more than 200 initiatives through
grants, equity participations, loans and guarantees. Characteristic of these
initiatives is the entrepreneurial approach: it is about people, organizations
and companies that dare to take risks, be creative and innovative and thereby
effectively contribute to a better and cleaner world. DOen supports initiatives
in the field of culture and cohesion and green and social economy.<o:p></o:p></i></div>
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For unknown reasons DOEN decided to disinvest after a very
short while, forcing the company into voluntary bankruptcy. At the very last
minute the French based company Eco-Carbone decided to jump in to make Diligent
profitable.</div>
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<i>Statement of
Eco-Carbone:<o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<strong><i><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Eco-Carbone is very active
in the new jatropha-based biofuel production market. It invests in several
projects worldwide. Eco-Carbone provides technical advice to farmer communities
who establish jatropha plantations. Eco-Carbone is both investor and manager of
Industrial Joint Ventures, which produce crude oil and co-products of
extraction.</span></i></strong><i><o:p></o:p></i></div>
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Diligent could reach break even in 2014. There was money to
buy at least 500 MT of jatropha seeds, there was pressing capacity to produce
the oil and all the oil was already sold at forehand.</div>
<br />
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Unfortunately Eco-Carbone decided to desinvest, causing the
end of Diligent Tanzania, leaving hundreds of farmers with unsold jatropha
seeds.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglizxbTKFlSTQKjYOrkgoqg6oVgVZnjZHTigSSUOi883Mfh13BsYqiD43a3Olp-zpzGZZ6Pg3Qj3YTCA0YxV1wMARLeSJlGyEhkXkdZZb5_orqKV7TgOryr4Kqab9r9mwQOPtycOZYy1Hc/s1600/briquettes1.JPG" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglizxbTKFlSTQKjYOrkgoqg6oVgVZnjZHTigSSUOi883Mfh13BsYqiD43a3Olp-zpzGZZ6Pg3Qj3YTCA0YxV1wMARLeSJlGyEhkXkdZZb5_orqKV7TgOryr4Kqab9r9mwQOPtycOZYy1Hc/s1600/briquettes1.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjScs1FQn0HJgUWCXmuPvUE_pvogRD6SzBpQzG5X0eRIi2zajC43yWjUs83Fae9CJr80xUdt8BwaOzD6M9VsUbEezBPnzXaJfrY5Vakbj0XZkZS65-9imeLzmbUISNjeX6zsrVZ2d8cI428/s1600/Dunstan.JPG" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjScs1FQn0HJgUWCXmuPvUE_pvogRD6SzBpQzG5X0eRIi2zajC43yWjUs83Fae9CJr80xUdt8BwaOzD6M9VsUbEezBPnzXaJfrY5Vakbj0XZkZS65-9imeLzmbUISNjeX6zsrVZ2d8cI428/s1600/Dunstan.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
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Pyrus communis, Jatropha wiseacrehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00922723076710745275noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3315160496362468905.post-78494099882298781992014-07-29T03:50:00.001-07:002014-07-29T03:53:15.785-07:00Quinvita exit<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal">
There goes another one</div>
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The Jatropha breeding company Quinvita, (formerly D1) went
into bankruptcy by the end of 2013. The breeding site on the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placetype w:st="on">Cape</st1:placetype> <st1:placename w:st="on">Verdian</st1:placename></st1:place>
islands was closed down and planting material has been uprooted.</div>
</div>
Pyrus communis, Jatropha wiseacrehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00922723076710745275noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3315160496362468905.post-85293293517698006652013-10-21T06:09:00.000-07:002014-07-29T04:18:42.663-07:00Combining Food and Fuel successfully<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv2QEtVIrenf7xqYdvpg3HmJljnDhOAZKl6FqeUgm4OmiT1QzPsjzCQHajoBHxUhgd1x5h99eGMbJgPzopvi_EToAYvOxqHx3-G9HxuuvlEvyJXsDQf8auV2v1ghfCRgT-zlQhbNifJ-VL/s1600/bukoba+collage.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv2QEtVIrenf7xqYdvpg3HmJljnDhOAZKl6FqeUgm4OmiT1QzPsjzCQHajoBHxUhgd1x5h99eGMbJgPzopvi_EToAYvOxqHx3-G9HxuuvlEvyJXsDQf8auV2v1ghfCRgT-zlQhbNifJ-VL/s400/bukoba+collage.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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Trials with Jatropha curcas in combination with a foodcrop (in this case maize) have been successfully executed on three locations in Tanzania; Moshi, Bukoba and Mbinga.</div>
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More info on <a href="http://www.jatropha.pro/">www.jatropha.pro</a><br />
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Pyrus communis, Jatropha wiseacrehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00922723076710745275noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3315160496362468905.post-12023856050274070592012-01-31T02:25:00.000-08:002012-01-31T03:28:21.287-08:00D1 continues to consequently dissappoint its farmers. After pulling out from Indonesia they also closed their operations in Zambia, leaving subsistence farmers with a crop they cannot eat and cannot sellPyrus communis, Jatropha wiseacrehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00922723076710745275noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3315160496362468905.post-86674676663040126662012-01-31T02:21:00.000-08:002012-01-31T02:25:07.085-08:00Sun saved?Sun Biofuels Africa has been split in Sun Mozambique and Sun Tanzania. The new owners of Sun Mozambique are optimistic about the future of the plantation but are still looking for additional funds.<br />The position of Sun Tanzania is not clear, but after most of the workers have been send home, the farm will rapidly be overtaken by weeds. I keep my fingers crossed.Pyrus communis, Jatropha wiseacrehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00922723076710745275noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3315160496362468905.post-50535372319371281612011-10-30T13:43:00.000-07:002011-10-30T13:54:12.316-07:00And there goes another one<div>Jatropha curcas, once called the miracle plant seems to have made another victim in Tanzania. This time it was Sun biofuels 2000 planted ha's that will return to bush if the new owners do not take very drastic action very fast. The plantation is on the brink to deliver its first substantial harvest, but weeds are already invading the plantation were too closely planted jatropha has to be maintained at high costs.</div>Pyrus communis, Jatropha wiseacrehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00922723076710745275noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3315160496362468905.post-74151499498631910332011-06-17T11:53:00.000-07:002011-06-17T12:01:22.180-07:00Prokon<div>Prokon is a German company, active in energy production. As many of these companies, Prokon claims a sustainable business model.</div><div>Therefore the set up a Jatropha business in Tanzania, based on contract farming; 2000 farmers committed themselves to produce Jatropha for Prokon. But Prokon stops the business in Tanzania. I think we need another definition regarding sustainability.</div>Pyrus communis, Jatropha wiseacrehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00922723076710745275noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3315160496362468905.post-35543444498120760062011-05-09T14:37:00.000-07:002011-05-09T14:50:20.420-07:00Grow up<span style="font-family:arial;">To help the Jatropha society out of its infancy, Jatropha seminars could be a great tool.<br />Could be; provided that the information provided is of high standards.<br />One of the first international Jatropha seminars showcased a market survey of GEXSI, prepared for WWF. (Yes, this is the same as World Wildlife Fund, but now called the World Wide Fund for Nature)<br />The final report was released on May 8, 2008.<br />The report stated that after a kick start with over 900.000 ha of Jatropha in 2008, the world would see 12.8 million ha’s in 2015. Since we are almost in the middle of that period, you would expect that we could find at least 6 million ha today.<br />Unfortunately, after a personal survey with lots of calls, e-mails and personal knowledge I conclude that the very very maximum of planted Jatropha lies between 500.000 and 1 million ha.<br />It took a lot of money and effort to put the Gexsi study together. By my knowledge there has never been an update. That is the funny thing about those seminars. Once presented, most of the stories end. The organizer does not want the presentations to be published (personal experience)<br />So here is my proposal for al those delegates and presenters going to the next seminar Insist that what you are presenting is your intellectual property and demand he right to publish it anywhere where you want it to be published. For the sake of a professional Jatropha community .</span><br /><span style="font-family:Arial;">Welcome on my site.:>)=</span>Pyrus communis, Jatropha wiseacrehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00922723076710745275noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3315160496362468905.post-32305693100918557432009-02-14T01:07:00.000-08:002011-05-08T23:53:20.606-07:00Food versus FuelSince crude oil prices plunged, investers in alternative oil sources like Jatropha are becoming very nervous, because the short term profitability of their investments is depending on high crude oil prices.They probably feel more relieved since the UK based company D1oils recently announced a breaktrough in the search for non toxic seedcake or what they call seedcake without "non "nutrient "elements. The idea is to use the seedcake for animal feed. Gone are the nice stories about fertilizer value of the same seedcake. Further on D1oils embraced a report commissioned to Ecofys regarding the GHG caracteristics of Jatropha in India. Very very good. Not very smart however. Guys, when you sell your nutrient rich seed cake as chicken feed you will have to compensate the loss of nutrients in your Jatropha plantation. With what? Chicken dung? Who is going to pay for that? With fertilizer? Bye bye GHG balance.<br /><br />I wrote this more than a year ago. In the mean time the science part of D1oils (D1plantscience) became Quinvita. But what about the GHG balance?Pyrus communis, Jatropha wiseacrehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00922723076710745275noreply@blogger.com0